![]() Researchers have tested this ability in the past using a mirror recognition task called the rouge test. You need to be able to think about your behavior with respect to how it relates to others. One is that autobiographical memories require you to have some sense of self. No one knows for sure what’s going on, but scientists have a few guesses. If infants can form memories in their first few months, why don’t people remember things from that earliest stage of life? It still isn’t clear whether people experience infantile amnesia because we can’t form autobiographical memories, or whether we just have no way to retrieve them. She also found that you can get infants to remember events for longer by training them for longer periods of time, and by giving them reminders – for example, by showing them the mobile moving very briefly on its own. The older infants were, the longer they remembered. Using this method, Rovee-Collier and colleagues found that at 6 months, if infants are trained for one minute, they can remember an event a day later. When infants came back into the lab, researchers simply showed them the mobile or train and measured if they still kicked and pressed the lever. What does this have to do with memory? The cleverest part of this research is that after training infants on one of these tasks for a couple of days, Rovee-Collier later tested whether they remembered it. Infants again learn the game quickly, and press on the lever significantly more when it makes the train move. Now every time the infant presses on it, the train will move around its track. At first, the lever doesn’t work, and the experimenters measure how much a baby naturally presses down. But instead of lying in a crib – which this age group just won’t do for very long – the infant sits on their parent’s lap with their hands on a lever that will eventually make a train move around a track. The version for 6- to 18-month-old infants is similar. As you might imagine, infants quickly learn that they’re in control – they like seeing the mobile move and so they kick more than before the string was attached to their leg, showing they’ve learned that kicking makes the mobile move. ![]() Next, they tie a string from the baby’s leg to the end of the mobile, so that whenever the baby kicks, the mobile moves. ![]() ![]() They measure how much the baby kicks to get an idea of their natural propensity to move their legs. In the version for 2- to 6-month-old infants, researchers place an infant in a crib with a mobile hanging overhead. So the key to Rovee-Collier’s research was devising a task that was sensitive to babies’ rapidly changing bodies and abilities in order to assess their memories over a long period. Of course, infants can’t exactly tell you what they remember. Research from psychologist Carolyn Rovee-Collier’s lab in the 1980s and 1990s famously showed that infants can form some of these other kinds of memories from an early age. There are also procedural memories, or memories for how to perform an action, like opening your front door or driving a car. There are semantic memories, or memories of facts, like the names for different varieties of apples, or the capital of your home state. In fact, there are lots of different kinds of memories besides those that are autobiographical. ![]()
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